In this story
We have sharper maps of the Moon’s surface than of much of our own ocean floor. A worldwide push to change that is gathering pace, with research vessels, autonomous drones and even fishing boats helping to chart the deep.
How the mapping is done
Most mapping uses sonar: ships send sound pulses to the seabed and measure how long the echoes take to return. Newer underwater drones can fly much closer to the bottom, building detailed 3D pictures of canyons, reefs and volcanic vents.
Surprises from below
Recent surveys have revealed previously unknown seamounts, deep-water coral gardens and sediment layers that record past climate changes. Each new map also helps with practical tasks such as laying cables, predicting tsunamis and managing fisheries.
Volunteers at sea
Some of the new data comes from ordinary vessels fitted with small depth loggers. Every crossing adds a strip of measurements to a shared global database, turning routine trips into science.
Why it matters
Knowing the shape of the seabed helps scientists model ocean currents, which in turn shape weather and climate. It also gives conservationists the information they need to protect fragile habitats before they are disturbed. Researchers say the work is far from finished, but the blank spaces on the map are shrinking every year.
